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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for controlling the frost protection of the heat recovery cell (22) of an LTO machine (21) and to a frost protection apparatus. According to the invention, the frost protection limit value, which serves as a condition for starting the frost protection, is determined by calculating a moving average of the measured or calculated values used as the limit values.
    公开号:FI20207037A1
    申请号:FI20207037
    申请日:2020-02-26
    公开日:2020-08-27
    发明作者:Antti Pulkkanen
    申请人:Airfi Oy Ab；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Controlling the frost protection of an LTO machine
    TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a method for controlling the frost protection of an heat recovery cell of an LTO machine, an anti-frost protection apparatus of an LTO machine and an LTO machine according to the preambles of the independent claims set out below. The invention relates to a new way of enhancing the operation of a ventilation heat recovery machine, in particular in a frost protection situation of a heat recovery cell.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A ventilation heat recovery machine, or LTO machine, is a building technology system in which a heat exchanger transfers thermal energy between the air removed from the building and the air introduced into the building. LTO machines improve the energy efficiency of a building by reducing the heat loss caused by ventilation. In an LTO machine, the heat exchanger can be a heat recovery cell, i.e. for example a so-called a lamella cell in which different air flows flow between several lamellae that transfer heat well. Typically, every other lamella gap is supplied by supply air and every other lamella gap by exhaust air. Heat recovery is based on temperature differences in the airflows flowing through the heat exchanger, as heat is transferred from the warmer airflow to the cooler one. o Outdoor air is the air flow coming from outside the building to the LTO machine. N Once the outdoor air has passed through the heat exchanger of the LTO machine, it is called supply air, and S 25 is introduced into the building. The exhaust air is called the air flow that is led from N buildings to the LTO machine. Once the exhaust air has passed through the heat exchanger of the LTO machine E, it is called exhaust air and is led out of the building. 3 = The outdoor air taken out is often, for example in winter, considerably colder than the exhaust air removed from building O 30. This can cause the moisture in the exhaust air to condense and freeze in the heat recovery cell as the temperature of the cell drops to or below the freezing point of the water. The situation in which ice begins to form in the heat recovery cell is called the frost protection situation of the heat recovery cell. Freezing clogs the heat exchanger, impairs heat transfer and jeopardizes the operation of the equipment.
    It is known to arrange in an LTO machine a so-called anti-fog function. If necessary, the operation of the equipment can be secured by one or more of the following, for example: - cold outdoor air is passed past the heat recovery cell, - the cell is cold air to only part of the cell at a time.
    Current antifreeze functions are sensitive to the way the equipment is installed and conditions change. Operation is not reliable, for example when the heat recovery cell becomes dirty. The frost protection function is often switched on unnecessarily early or late and is kept on unnecessarily short or long.
    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to reduce or even eliminate the above-mentioned problems occurring in the prior art.
    S N It is an object of the present invention to provide a more efficient and more reliable ventilation heat recovery machine.
    N E: It is an object of the present invention to provide a more efficient and more reliable anti-fog function of a heat recovery machine. S S
    The object of the present invention is to provide a frost protection function of a heat recovery machine, the operation of which is not impaired by changes in the operating environment and its installation method.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Among other things, in order to achieve the above-mentioned objects, the method, apparatus, LTO machine and other objects of the invention are characterized by what is set forth in the appended independent claims.
    The application examples and advantages mentioned in this text apply mutatis mutandis to the method, equipment, LTO machine as well as other objects of the invention, although it is not always mentioned separately.
    A typical method according to the invention for controlling the frost protection of a heat recovery cell of an LTO machine comprises at least the following steps: - measuring and / or calculating one or more quantities in or near the LTO machine; - determining a frost protection limit value which serves as a condition for starting the frost protection, so that when said limit value is reached, the frost protection function is triggered; - the anti-fog function is stopped when a certain anti-fog condition is met; S - is calculated and stored from the measured or N calculated values of the quantity used as limit values. for large moving averages; S 25 - determine the frost protection limit value from said large-moving average N. A typical anti-fog device of the heat recovery cell S of an LTO machine according to the invention comprises a control unit, i.e. a computer, an electronic memory and S 30 - software arranged to run therein, a set of sensors, such as temperature, pressure and humidity sensors, which provide information about LTO conditions. connected by communication means to the control unit to make the information produced by them available to said software. The software comprises program code elements which, when running the program, are arranged to perform the steps of the method according to the invention.
    A typical LTO machine according to the invention comprises an anti-fog device according to the invention. An LTO device can have several sensors or measuring points, for example, it is possible to measure the temperature of air flows or parts of the equipment, the magnitude of the air flows or the air pressure at different points in the equipment. The frost protection function can be activated based on these measurements. The data obtained from the measurements can be entered into a control unit, i.e. a computer, which can perform various calculation tasks and comparisons, on the basis of which the frost protection function can be controlled.
    Some possible situations in which the anti-fog function can be activated are as follows:
    1. Monitor the exhaust air temperature and if it drops too low, the frost protection function is activated.
    2. Observe the income <han ns. the temperature of the coldest corner, ie the coldest point of the air flow, and if it drops too low, the frost protection function is activated.
    3. Monitor the outdoor air, supply air and exhaust air temperatures and calculate the o supply air efficiency, and if it drops too low, the N anti-fog function is activated. S 25 4. Observe the change in pressure over the outlet side of the cell, or the pressure loss between the cell and the exhaust air of the exhaust air, and if it is too high, E is started huurtumissuojatoiminto. 5 5. Observe and calculate the humidity level and temperature of the exhaust air = Dew point of the exhaust air and compare this calculated dew point with the exhaust air temperature leaving cell O 30, and if the exhaust air temperature is too low, the frost protection function is activated.
    The frost protection limit value is a certain value of the observed quantity depending on the operation of the frost protection, e.g. a certain pressure or pressure difference according to the above situations, temperature, humidity or efficiency or a combination of values, i.e. a condition that triggers the frost protection.
    The limit values vary according to situation 5.
    The operating area of an LTO machine means the area of airflow in which the LTO machine is used at any given time.
    The operating ranges can be determined, for example, at regular intervals, for example at intervals of 10 dm3 / s, such as 0-10 dm3% / s, 10-20 dm / S, 20-30 dm / S, etc.
    The operating range changes, for example when the power of the air conditioning is controlled.
    According to the invention, the program to be run in the computer of the control unit comprises a so-called learning feature, i.e. it is arranged to change the current frost protection limit values for each LTO machine operating area used separately.
    Changes are made according to the measured performance of the LTO machine.
    The change in the limit values is done by checking the operation and conditions of the device, ie for example certain temperatures, pressures, etc. after the use of the frost protection.
    If the values are acceptable, ie the LTO device is operating normally, the measured or calculated values of the quantities used as limit values to be monitored are calculated. for large moving averages.
    The moving average for each variable is typically unique to each application.
    From the large moving average, the a new limit value for the frost protection, for example by means of a certain factor.
    The coefficients N can be fixed or vary depending on the situation.
    Each quantity can have its own coefficients.
    S 25 N In this way, the moving average of the monitored quantity changes and at the same time its limit value changes E, for example, when the operating environment of the machine or the installation environment changes. 3 = The change to the large - moving - average is made from the values of the quantities stored under the accepted conditions O 30.
    The formula for calculating the moving average can be chosen to suit the situation. For example, a simple moving average (SMA) can be used. The number of observation values considered appropriate, for example at least three or at least five or at least ten values, may be used in the calculation.
    The operation of the invention can be explained by describing the steps of an embodiment thereof after the start-up of the LTO machine: A. It is determined which operating area of the LTO machine is in. The control unit and its learning program automatically detect the area from, for example, the motor power control value assigned to the fan, the fan speed and the reading of any pressure sensor. B. If the calculated frost protection limit value is not not yet in the operating range, the factory-set output value is set on the basis of the operating range. the frost protection limit of the area of use. C. Check whether the learning attribute is in the permissible conditions. The limits of the permissible conditions may be decided according to the situation. For example, the learning feature cannot be used in extreme conditions, but for example in very cold (e.g. below -3 ° C or below -1 ° C) or warm (e.g. above +10 ° C or above +15 ° C) outdoor temperatures the frost protection limit values can be set unchanged for each o application area.
    S S 25 D. If we are in the conditions allowed for a learning feature, N the learning program actively determines the the limit value E for the antifreeze protection of the area of use as follows: 3 = D1. Initiate the learning portion of the antifreeze protection when O 30 is specified under the conditions in which learning is permitted.
    D2. The learning feature modifies the frost protection values if the values are acceptable, ie the LTO device operates normally as follows: - Calculated from the measured or calculated values of the quantities used as limit values. for large quantities, the moving average
    area of use. The moving average is stored for all operating areas separately. In this way, the moving average changes, for example, when the operating environment or installation environment of the machine changes. For example, when a cell becomes dirty, the pressure differences do not correspond to the pressure drop of a clean cell, so that due to the learning property, the moving average changes with the dirt.
    - Construct a new frost protection limit value from a large moving average using a certain coefficient. Each operating range = current - limit value - works - as a condition for activating the frost protection. E. If you have moved to an area where frosting can occur, the learning part of the frost protection no longer changes the operating values of the frost protection, but in the frost protection situation the heat recovery cell is melted when the previously learned new limit value is met. F. Return to step A.
    S N Thus, it has now been found that a simple change of operating mode provides an S 25 anti-fog function that works reliably and optimally even in a changing N operating environment. The antifog according to the invention thus = learns z from changes in conditions when it is advisable to start the antifog. The learning 5 feature takes into account changes such as in-use contamination of the cell. = Thus, thanks to learning, a clean cell has a different O 30 frost protection limit than a dirty cell.
    In one embodiment of the invention, the learning property, i.e. the moving average of certain large values, can also be used to control the condition of stopping the frost protection, i.e. the deactivation of the frost protection. Thus, the learning feature can identify separately for each application area when it is the optimal time to disable the fog protection and return the LTO machine to normal operation.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying schematic drawing, in which Figure 1 schematically shows an LTO machine according to the invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXAMPLES Figure 1 shows an LTO machine, or heat recovery machine 21. Arrow currents are indicated by arrows. The outdoor air flow A is supplied to the LTO machine 21 from the outside, which, after passing through the heat recovery cell 22, is led by the fan 23 as the supply air flow B inside the building. Air is led from the building to the LTO machine 21 as exhaust air flow C. Once it has passed through the cell 22, it is led out of the LTO machine 21 and the building by means of a fan 24 as exhaust air flow D. If necessary, the heat recovery cell 22 can be bypassed in the LTO machine 21, the air flow arrow E representing the air flow bypassing the cell. The system may comprise a number of temperature, pressure, humidity, etc. sensors that provide information about the conditions of the system. The information produced by the sensors is fed to N control units, i.e. a computer (not shown) which controls the anti-fog system. S 25 The type, number, and location of sensors depends on the situation in which the LTO is used. N Some possible locations of the sensors are schematically marked with numbers E in Figure 1 and the following examples show some possible options for selecting and positioning the sensors. S 30 If the system detects freezing, the control unit activates the frost protection function of the LTO machine 21. It may mean, for example, one or more of the following measures:
    - the cold outdoor air A is controlled by means of the transfer air path E past the heat recovery cell 22, for example by means of a rotating damper 14, air to only a part of the cell 22 at a time, for example by means of a rotating damper 15. Some possible ways to detect freezing and situations in which the frost protection function can be activated are as follows:
    1. Monitor the temperature of the exhaust air D in step 10 and if it drops too low, the frost protection function is activated.
    2. Observe the supply air B so-called. the temperature of the cold angle 11, i.e. the coldest point of the air flow, and if it drops too low, the frost protection function is activated.
    3. Monitor the temperatures of outdoor air A, supply air B and exhaust air C at points 8, 2 and 3 and calculate the supply air efficiency from them, and if it falls too low, the frost protection function is activated.
    4. Observe the pressure change over the outlet side of the cell 22, i.e., the cell C, exhaust air and exhaust air pressure loss between the D between points 6 and 7, and if it is too large, huurtumissuojatoiminto started.
    5. Observe the humidity level of the exhaust air C in section 13 and the temperature in section 3 and calculate the dew point of the exhaust air and compare this calculated dew point S with the exhaust air temperature D from the cell 22 at 10 N and / or 4, and if the exhaust air temperature is too low.
    N E: Measurements according to the invention can be performed other than with sensors located at the points mentioned in Examples 5. Temperature, pressure, or other quantities = can also be measured, for example, at points 1, 5, 8 and 9. ES 30
    The following example huurtumissuojatoiminnoksi mentioned earlier in the selected option 4, i.e., by monitoring over a 22-side outlet of the cell pressure change in a cell, the effluent air leaving the cell C, and exhaust air pressure difference D between. An increase in the pressure difference means that ice has formed inside the cell 22. Frost protection threshold value is thus a magnitude of the pressure drop across the outlet side of the cell. At points 6 and /, pressure sensors are placed, which inform the control unit of the pressure in question. points. The condition for starting the defrosting is that if the pressure difference between points 6 and 7 becomes too large, a defrost protection function is started. We assume that we will stay in the example all the time in the same LTO 21 operating area. In the initial situation, it is assumed that the moving average of the pressure difference calculated according to the invention is 30 Pa. The coefficient of the frost protection limit value in this example is 1.5, where the frost protection limit value is 1.5 * 30Pa = 45 Pa. The frost protection would therefore be triggered if the pressure difference exceeded 45 Pa. When the temperatures and conditions of the LTO machine 21 are within acceptable limits, the value of the pressure difference between points 6 and 7 is measured again. The pressure difference is now 40 Pa. This is included in the moving average of the pressure difference. Assume that the new moving average is 32 kPa. The coefficient of the frost protection limit value is still 1.5, in which case the new frost protection limit value is 1.5 * 32 Pa = 48 Pa. The frost protection would therefore be triggered if the pressure difference exceeded 48Pa. We find that the system thus —corrected the frost protection limit automatically above the original. The invention is not intended to be limited to the examples given, but the scope of the invention is determined by the independent claims. The dependent claims present N a few preferred embodiments of the invention. N Q @ O OF
    I [am o NN M O OF O OF O OF
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    A method for controlling the frost protection of a heat recovery cell (22) of an LTO machine (21), the method comprising - measuring and / or calculating one or more quantities in or in the vicinity of the LTO machine; - determining a frost protection limit value which serves as a condition for starting the frost protection, so that when said limit value is reached, the frost protection function is triggered; - the anti-fog function is stopped when a certain anti-fog condition is met; characterized in that in the method - the measured or calculated values of the quantity in question are calculated and stored as limit values. for large moving averages; - determining a frost protection limit value from said large moving average.
    [2]
    A method according to claim 1, characterized in that - it is determined in which operating area of the LTO machine is located; - calculating and storing said large moving average for all applications separately, and - determining the frost protection limit value for all applications separately.
    [3]
    S & 3. A method according to claim 2, characterized in that 2 25 - if the calculated frost protection limit value is not in question. not yet in the operating range, - set the factory default value for the operating range in question. operating range & antifog limit.
    [4]
    Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that S 30 - a new limit value for the frost protection is formed from a large moving average by means of a certain coefficient.
    [5]
    Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the operation of the LTO machine is checked, i.e. the value of said one or more quantities after stopping the frost protection, and a new moving average is calculated only if the measured values are acceptable, i.e. the LTO machine is operating normally.
    [6]
    Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - the condition for switching off the frost protection is determined from said large moving average by means of a certain coefficient.
    [7]
    A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein - an outdoor air flow (A) is supplied to the LTO machine (21) from the outside, which after passing through the heat recovery cell (22) - is supplied as a supply air flow (B) to the building by means of a fan (23); to the machine (21) as an exhaust air flow (C), and when it has passed through the cell (22), it - is led out of the LTO machine (21) and the building by means of a fan (24) as an exhaust air flow (D), characterized in that the frost protection function is activated : - the temperature of the exhaust air (D) is monitored and, if it falls too low, the anti-fog function N is activated; N - observes the so-called supply air (B). the temperature of the cold angle (11) and if it drops 2 25 too low, the frost protection function is activated; - - the temperatures of the outdoor air (A), supply air (B) and exhaust air (C) are monitored and & the efficiency of the supply air is calculated from them, and if it falls too low, 2 frost protection functions are activated; - observe the change in the pressure cell (22) over the outlet side of the pressure loss from the cell 30 of the exhaust air (C) and the air (D), and if it is too large, starting huurtumissuojatoiminto;
    - monitoring the humidity level and temperature of the exhaust air (C) and calculating the dew point of the exhaust air and comparing this calculated dew point with the temperature of the exhaust air (D) leaving the cell (22), and if the exhaust air temperature is too low, the anti-fog function is activated.
    [8]
    Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the frost protection function comprises one or more of the following measures: - directing the cold outdoor air (A) by means of a transfer path (E) past the heat recovery cell (22), for example by means of a rotating damper (14); - melting the cell (22) with the energy of the exhaust air (C); - additional energy is supplied to the cold outdoor air (A), i.e. the outdoor air is preheated, for example with an electric heater (12) or a liquid coil; - defrosting the cell (22) by block defrosting, i.e. directing hot or cold air to only a part of the cell (22) at a time, for example by means of a rotating damper (15).
    [9]
    Antifreeze apparatus for a heat recovery cell (22) of an LTO machine (21), comprising a control unit, i.e., a computer, an electronic memory, and software arranged to run therein, a set of sensors, such as temperature, pressure, and humidity sensors, that provide information about LTO conditions. is connected to the control unit by means of data transmission means for making the information produced by them available to said software, characterized in that the software comprises S program code elements which, when running the program, are arranged to perform some
    Steps of the method according to the preceding claims 1-8.
    N <Q 25 © N
    [10]
    LTO machine (21), characterized in that it comprises a claim 9
    I = antifogging equipment.
    NN
    O
    O
    OF
    O
    OF
    O
    OF
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    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FI20197037|2019-02-26|
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